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Presentation from the 5 Years After HL Tau: A New Era in Planet Formation conference in December 2020. Not only has ALMA revolutionized our view of the dust in protoplanetary disks, it has offered an unparalleled view of the gaseous component of the disk. In particular, it is now possible to map out the kinematical structure of these disks at an unprecedented precision, allowing for the detection of subtle perturbations attributed to planet-disk interactions. I will present sub-mm observations of the planet formation environment which show a stunning level of substructure in the gas, both in terms of the gas temperature and dynamics. Using novel techniques, I will demonstrate how we can extract the 3D velocity structures of these disks, tracing large-scale flows which can transport volatile material to sites of active planet formation. Furthermore, I will present multi-band observations of spiral substructure, showing that not only do these observations enable us to trace the dynamical structure of the spirals themselves, but probe the local physical conditions and thus directly confront numerical simulations of planet-disk interactions.

Observing the Dynamics of Planet-Disk Interactions